Turning on a lathe is machining a surface parallel to the axis of rotation .

Facing on a lathe is machining a surface perpindicular to the axis of rotation .

Here is a common set up where turning and facing are accomplished with tthe same tool

Boring on a lathe is machining a surface parallel to the axis of rotation but unlike turning the machining is done on the inside of the work piece .The following video shows how a boring process works on a lathe.

Threading on a lathe can be a complicated procedure which has its own topic pages in the VMS